(Chinese translation by Shou Chenyan from the University Scholars Programme, NUS)

专有名词

以下是一些术语的定义：

跨性别： 跨性别者，是指那些性别身份与生理性别不相符合的人。有时他们被过于简单的描述为“被束缚在男人身体里的女人”（跨性别女人）或“被束缚在女人身体里的男人”（跨性别男人）。 这种自我性别认同和生理特征上的冲突经常导致强烈的焦虑或痛苦，被称之为性别不安症。

跨性别是一个形容词而不是名词，一般的用法有跨性别男人/女人/人士/社群。

变性者： 变性者是跨性别下的一个次分类，指的是对自己的身体感到不满、焦虑，而因此可能通过手术改变性别的人。 然而，由于“变性者”这个词 长久以来带有歧视性并带有性暗示，更常用的说法是“跨性别者”。

顺性别： 顺性别者指不是跨性别的人。 这个名词指那些自我性别认同和生理性别一致的人（比如，出生时的生理性别是女性，也认为自己是女性）。 顺性别者比起“生理男人/生理女人”来说是一个更准确的说法，因为经过手术变性的跨性别者在生理上也是更接近于他们选择的性别的。 因为雌雄同体这种情况的存在，有些人出生时，他/她的基因和性器官显示的是 两种不同的性别，或者在他/她身上，两种不同性别的性器官都有。

性别酷儿： 性别酷儿指的是一类跨性别者，他们在性别认同上认为自己不单纯属于男人或女人。 有些性别酷儿认为自己两性特征兼有（既是男人也是女人），有些人视自己为无性别，也有些人认为自己属于男人和女人之外的另一种性别。 一些经历性别焦虑症的性别酷儿可能会选择手术变性。

流性人： 流性人指的是经历性别认知波动的人，有时这种波动会伴随着对 身体的不满和焦虑。 比如，一个有典型女性生理特征的人可能在一段时间内对自己的女性身体感到满意，也认同自己是女人，但在另一段时间突然 对自己的身体产生强烈的不满，强烈地认为自己是男人，并由此觉得对于 自己的性别来说，自己的身体是错误的。 在这种时候，他们的感受和跨性 别男人很相似。性别流动目前在医学领域研究很少，但一项 2012 年的研 究猜测，这种现象，从神经学的角度或许可以解释为“交替性的性别不协调”，意为异常程度的半脑切换会导致人出现类似于幻肢的对于不存在的 性征的认知，比如一个生理男性认为自己有乳房。

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Here are some definitions of terms: 

Transgender: A transgender person is someone with a gender identity that does not match their sex, sometimes simplistically described as feeling like “a woman trapped in a man’s body” (transgender women) or vice versa (transgender men). The dissonance between that sense of self and body often leads to intense distress, known as gender dysphoria.

The word is an adjective, not a noun. “Transgenders” is thus grammatically incorrect, and the proper terms would be ‘transgender man/woman/people/community’, sometimes shortened to ‘trans’ for convenience.

Transsexual: The subset of transgender people who experience body dysphoria and/or pursue medical transition. However, due to the historical stigma of the word and its connotations with sex, the word ‘transgender’ is more commonly used.

Cisgender: Someone who is not transgender. ‘Cis’ is a Latin prefix that means ‘on the same side of’, while ‘trans’ means ‘across’ or ‘on the other side’. This is more accurate than calling someone a ‘biological’ or ‘genetic’ man or woman. Transgender people who have undergone medical transition are biologically closer to the sex they have transitioned to. Due to intersex conditions, some people may also be born genetically one sex but anatomically another, or mixes of both.

Genderqueer/non-binary: Genderqueer or non-binary people are transgender people who do not identify as either men or women, but as both, genderless, or another gender altogether. Some of them experience body dysphoria and may also seek medical transition.

Genderfluid: People who experience a fluctuating gender identity that can be accompanied by body dysphoria. For instance, someone with a typical female body may be perfectly content with that body and being a woman at some times, but experience periods of time where they are suddenly hit with body dysphoria and a strong sense that they are men and their body is wrong, during which their experiences are very similar to that of transgender men. Genderfluidity has so far been little studied in medical literature, although one 2012 study speculated on possible neurological explanations for what they term ‘alternating gender incongruity’.